I.  Behind a noun:

• noun + も+ positive ending = also, too = inclusion
中村さんも来ました。Nakamura-san also came.
 
• amount + も + positive = even, as many/much as  = a surprising amount
ハンバーグを七つも食べたんですか。You ate as many as 7 hamburgers?
10人も来ればいいということにしましょう。Let's call us lucky if 10 people came.
 
• amount + も+ negative = not even = a surprising scarcity
一ドルも持っていない。I don't have even a dollar.
 
• noun1 + も + noun2 + も + positive = . . . as well as . . . (neither . . . nor . . . .)
漢字も文法も覚えました。I learned both kanji and grammar.
 
• noun1 + も + noun2 + も + negative = neither . . . nor . . . .
モルモン教の人は、お酒もコーヒーも飲まないそうです。
I hear that the Mormons drink neither alcohol nor coffee.

• season / example + も + verb = that's the way things go
春も過ぎ、暑い夏になった。Spring went and a hot summer came.
私ももう年です。I'm getting old.
 
• question word + も + negative = no-
だれもいません。There's nobody.
なにも聞いていません。I haven't heard anything.
どこへも行きませんでした。I didn't go anywhere.
 
※ いつも and だれもが are the only question word + も combination to take a positive predicate.
いつもあなたのことを思っています。I'm always thinking of you.
だれもが彼を愛している。Everyone loves him.
 
• noun + も + negative = not even . . . = more emphatic than the verb itself
勉強もしないでテレビばかり見ている。
Without even studying, all she does is watch TV.

• noun-X + だけで（は）なく+ (noun-Y も) = ばかりでなく = not only ・・・but also ・・・
学生 だけでなく、先生も来ました。Not only students but also teachers came.
 

• verb-stem + も + negative = not even . . . = more emphatic than the verb itself
食べもしないで、話ばかりしている。She keeps talking, without even eating.
 
• verb-て + も = even if . . . happens
雨が降っても試合はあります。There will be a match even if it rains.
 
•  verb-て + も + いい/かまわない/だいじょうぶ = It's all right to . . .
入ってもいいですか。May I come in?
 
• verb-plain + ばかりで（は）なく+ (noun-Y も) = not only ・・・but also ・・・
就職するばかりで（は）なく、結婚もする。
(He) is not only getting a job, but also getting married.
昨日来たばかりで（は）なく、今日も来た。
(She) came not only yesterday but also today.
 
• question word + verb-て + も = no matter what / where / which / etc..
どこへ行っても同じことです。It's the same no matter where you go.
誰に聞いても分からない。No matter whom I ask, nobly knows (the answer).
 

•  adjective-て + も + adjective-て + も = regardless
遠くても近くても行かなければなりません。I must go regardless of the distance.
 
• adjective + ばかりでなく+（adjective も） = not only ・・・but also ・・・
きれいなばかりでなく、 安くもある（or 安い）。
It's not only pretty but also inexpensive.
安かったばかりでなく、おいしくもあった。
It was not only inexpensive but delicious.

※It usually replaces を (except for special emphasis)、が、は.  When it does not replace を, も follows it.
        ピカソをも見ました。I saw Picasso, too.

※It may appear with particles such as に、で、の、と、へ、まで、から.  When it appears with these particles, だけ follows them.
        おすしは、メイン州でも食べられます。  We can eat sushi in Maine, too.

※も immediately follows the word which is added to a list.
        スジーもゴルフをした。  Suzine (as well as other people) also played tennis.

※も connects nouns.  In order to connect verbs and adjectives with も, the verbs and adjectives must be nominalized with の.
        安いのも高いのもある。We have both cheap and expensive varieties.
        映画を見るのもいいけど、泳ぐのもいいねえ。
            I'm for watching movies as well as swimming.

※noun + も does not appear in a sentence in which noun + は or が already exists.  So, "I am a doctor and also a scholar" will be:
        私は医者で、学者でもある。