Applications: Fishing

(Updated in 6/07)

GENERAL

Anderson, L. G. (1995). Privatizing Open Access Fisheries: Individual Transferable Quotas. The Handbook of Environmental Economics. D. W. Bromley. Oxford, UK, Blackwell: 453-474.

Christy, F. T. (1996). "The Death Rattle of Open Access and the Advent of Property Rights Regimes in Fisheries." Marine Resource Economics 11(4): 287-304.

Danielsson, A. (2000)"Efficiency of ITQs in the Presence of Production Externalities." Marine Resource Economics 15(1): 37-43.

Fox, K. J., R. Q. Grafton, et al. (2006). "Capacity Reduction, Quota Trading and Productivity: the Case of a Fishery." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50(2): 189-206.

Fujita, R. and K. Bonzon (2005). "Rights-based fisheries management: An environmentalist perspective." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 309-312.

Grafton, R. Q., R. Arnason, et al. (2006). "Incentive-based Approaches to Sustainable Fisheries." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63(3): 699-710.

Huppert, D. D. (2005). "An overview of fishing rights." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 201-215.

Iudicello, S., M. Weber, et al. (1999). Fish, Markets, and Fishermen: the Economics of Overfishing. Washington, DC, Island Press.

Matulich, S. C. and M. L. Clark (2003). "North Pacific Halibut and Sablefish IFQ Policy Design: Quantifying the Impacts on Processors." Marine Resource Economics 18(2): 149-166.

Neher, P. A., R. Amason, et al. (1989). Rights Based Fishing. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Newell, R. G., J. N. Sanchiricoand S. Kerr. (2005). "Fishing Quota Markets." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49(3): 437-462.

Rieser, Alison. (1999),."Prescriptions for the Commons: Environmental Scholarship and the Fishing Quotas Debate" The Harvard Environmental Law Review 23 (2):

Scott, A. D. (1986). Catch Quotas and Shares in the Fishstock as Property Rights. Natural Resource Economics and Policy Applications. E. Miles, R. Pealy and R. Stokes. Seattle, University of Washington Press.

Scott, A. (1999). Fishermen's Property Rights. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 15-30.

Scott, A. D. (1988). "Development of Property in the Fishery." Marine Resource Economics 5(4): 289-311.

Townsend, R. E. (1998). ’ÄúBeyond ITQs: Property Rights as a Management Tool.’Äù Fisheries Research 37(1-3): 203-210.

ANALYSIS

Andersen, J. L. and P. Bogetoft (2007). "Gains from quota trade: theoretical models and an application to the Danish fishery." European Review of Agricultural Economics 34(1): 105-127.

Asche, F. (2001). "Fishermen's Discount Rates in ITQ Systems." Environmental & Resource Economics 19(4): 403-410.

Anderson, E. E. (1986). "Taxes vs. Quotas for Regulating Fisheries under Uncertainty: A Hybrid Discrete-Time Continuous-Time Model." Marine Resource Economics 3(3): 183-207.

Anderson, L. G. (1994). "An Economic Analysis of Highgrading in ITQ Fisheries Regulation Programs." Marine Resource Economics 9(3): 209-26.

Anderson, L.G. (2000). "The Effects of ITQ Implementation: A Dynamic Approach." Natural Resource Modeling 13(4): 435-70.

Armstrong, C. W. and U. R. Sumaila (2001). "Optimal Allocation of TAC and the Implications of Implementing an ITQ Management System for the North-East Arctic Cod." Land Economics 77(3): 350-359.

Batstone, C. J. and B. M. H. Sharp (2003). "Minimum information management systems and ITQ fisheries management." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 45(2): 492-504.

Boyce, J. R. (2000). "Comment: Efficiency of ITQ's in the Presence of Production Externalities." Marine Resource Economics 15(3): 233-43.

Brubaker, E. (1996). The Ecological Implications of Establishing Property Rights in Atlantic Fisheries. Taking Ownership: Property Rights and Fishery Management on the Atlantic Coast. B. L. Crowley. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Atlantic Institute for Market Studies: 221-251.

Dawson, R. (2006). "Vertical integration in the post-IFQ halibut fishery." Marine Policy 30(4): 341-346.

Felthoven, R.G. (2002). "Effects of the American Fisheries Act on Capacity, Utilization and Technical Efficiency." Marine Resource Economics, Vol. 17(3): 181-205.

Fox, K. J., R. Q. Grafton, et al. (2006). "Capacity Reduction, Quota Trading and Productivity: the Case of a Fishery." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50(2): 189-206.

Grafton, R. Q., D. Squires, et al. (2000). "Private Property and Economic Efficiency: A Study of a Common-Pool Resource." Journal of Law and Economics 43(2):

Hannesson, R. and S. I. Steinshamn (1991). "How to Set Catch Quotas, Constant Effort or Constant Catch?" Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 20(1): 71-91.

Hannesson, R. (2000). "A Note on ITQs and Optimal Investment." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 40(2): 181-188.

Holland, D. and K. E. Schnier (2006). "Individual Habitat Quotas for Fish." Journal of Environmental Economics  and Management 51(1): 72-92.

Heaps, T. (2003). "The Effects on Welfare of the Imposition of Individual Transferable Quotas on a Heterogeneous Fishing Fleet." Journal of Environmental Economic and Management 46(3): 557-576.

Herrmann, M. (1996). "Estimating the Induced Price Increase for Canadian Pacific Halibut with the Introduction of the Individual Vessel Quota Program." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 44(2): 151-164.

Herrmann, M. (2000). "Individual Vessel Quota Price-induced Effects for Canadian Pacific Halibut: Before and after Alaska IFQs." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics - Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie 48(2): 195-210.

Kingsley, M. C. S. (2002). "Food for Thought - ITQs and the Economics of High-Grading." Ices Journal of Marine Science 59(4): 649.

Matera, A. (2000). "Whale Quotas: A Market-Based Solution to the Whaling Controversy." Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 13: 23-46.

Matthiasson, Thorolfur (1996). "Why Fishing Fleets Tend to be 'Too Big.'" Marine Resource Economics 11(3): 173-179.

Squires, D., M. Alauddin, et al. (1994). "Individual Transferable Quota Markets and Investment Decisions in the Fixed Gear Sablefish Industry." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 27(2): 185-204.

Squires, D., S. Cunningham, et al. (1998). "Individual Transferable Quotas in Multispecies Fisheries." Marine Policy 22(2): 135-59.

Squires, D., J. Kirkley, et al. (1995). "Individual Transferable Quotas as a Fisheries Management Tool." Reviews in Fisheries Science 3(2): 141-169.

Vestergaard, N. (1999). "Measures of Welfare Effects in Multiproduct Industries: The Case of Multispecies Individual Quota Fisheries." Canadian Journal of Economics 32(3): 729-43.

Vestergaard, N., F. Jensen, et al. (2005). "Sunk cost and entry-exit decisions under individual transferable quotas: Why industry restructuring is delayed." Land Economics 81(3): 363-378.

Wallace, S. W. and K. Bekke (1986). "Optimal Fleet Size When National Quotas can be Traded." Marine Resource Economics 2(4): 315-29.

Weitzman, M. L. (2002). "Landing Fees vs Harvest Quotas with Uncertain Fish Stocks." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 43(2): 325-338.

Weninger, Q. and J. R. Waters (2003). "Economic benefits of management reform in the northern Gulf of Mexico reef fish fishery." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 46(2): 207-230.

DESIGN ISSUES

Adelaja, A., J. Menzo, et al. (1998). "Market Power, Industrial Organization and Tradeable Quotas." Review of Industrial Organization 13(5): 589-601.

Anderson, L. (1999). ITQs in Share System Fisheries? Implications for Efficiency/Distribution. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 169-184.

Anderson, C. M. and J. G. Sutinen (2006). "The effect of initial lease periods on price discovery in laboratory tradable fishing allowance markets." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 61(2): 164-180.

Anderson, C. M. and D. S. Holland (2006). "Auctions for initial Sale of Annual Catch Entitlement." Land Economics 82(3): 333-352.

Apostle, R., B. J. McCay, et al. (1997). The Political Construction of an IQ Management System: The Mobile Gear ITQ Experiment in the Scotia Fundy Region of Canada. Social Implications of Quota Systems in Fisheries. G. Pˆ°lsson and G. Pˆ©tursdˆ„ttir. Copenhagen, Nordic Council of Ministers: 27-49.

Arnason, R. (1999). Advances in ITQ Fisheries Management. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 31-42.

Batstone, C. J. and B. M. H. Sharp (2003). "Minimum Information Management Systems and ITQ Fisheries Management." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 45(2S): 492-504.

Black, Neal D., (1997). "Balancing the Advantages of Individual Transferable Quotas Against Their Redistributive Effects: The Case of Alliance Against IFQs v. Brown." Georgetown International Law Review 9(3): 727-746.

Boyce, J. R. (1996). "An Economic Analysis of the Fisheries Bycatch Problem." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 31(3): 314-336.

Brandt, S. and D. McEvoy (2006). "Distributional effects of property rights: Transitions in the Atlantic Herring fishery." Marine Policy 30(6): 659-670.

Bromley, D. W. (2005). "Purging the frontier from our mind: Crafting a new fisheries policy." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 217-229.

Coehlo, M. and R. J. Lopes (1999). The Common Fisheries Policy and the feasibility of ITQ's. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK,Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 208-216.

Connor, R. and D. Alden (2001). "Indicators of the effectiveness of quota markets: the South East Trawl Fishery of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 52(4): 387-397.

Danielsson, A., "Efficiency of ITQs in the Presence of Production Externalities" Vol. 15, No. 1 (2000): 37-43.

De Alessi, M. (1999). Property Rights and Advanced Technologies. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland: 141-148.

Dupont, D. P. (1990). "Rent Dissipation in Restricted Access Fisheries." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19(1): 26-44.

Gissurarson, H. H. (1999). The Fishery: Agreeing on the Rules. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 43-64.

Grafton, R. Q. (1995). "Rent Capture in a Rights-Based Fishery." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28(1): 48-67.

Guyader, O. and O. Thebaud (1999). Distributional issues in the operation of rights-based fisheries management systems. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Center for the Economics and Managment of Aquatic Resources: 225-241.

Hannesson, R. (2000). "A note on ITQs and optimal investment." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 40(2): 181-188.

Hannesson, R. (1999). Fishing rights: their form, scope and limitations. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmith, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 6-18.

Hannesson, R. (2005). "Rights based fishing: Use rights versus property rights to fish." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 231-241.

Hatcher, A. (2005). "Non-compliance and the quota price in an ITQ fishery." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49(3): 427-436.

Hentrich, S. and M. Salomon (2006). "Flexible management of fishing rights and a sustainable fisheries industry in Europe." Marine Policy 30(6): 712-720.

Hilborn, R., J. K. Parrish, et al. (2005). "Fishing rights or fishing wrongs?" Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 191-199.

Holland, D. and K. E. Schnier (2006). "Individual Habitat Quotas for Fish." Journal of Environmental Economics  and Management 51(1): 72-92.

Johnson, R. N. (1999). Rents and Taxes in an ITQ Fishery. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 205-213.

Kennedy, J. O. S. and J. S. Watkins (1986). "Time Dependent Quotas for Southern Bluefish Tuna Fishery." Marine Resource Economics 2(4): 293-313.

Laxe, F. G. (2006). "Transferability of fishing rights: The Spanish case." Marine Policy 30(4): 379-388.

LeBlanc, P.O & K.K. Mwenda (1999) "European Fisheries in Crisis, Implementing Individual Transferable Quotas as a Solution" 20 Whittier Law Review, 783

Lequesne, C., "Quota Hopping: The Common Fisheries Policy between States and Markets" Vol. 38, No. 5 (2000): 779-793.

Marvin, K. A. (1992). "Protecting Common Property Resources Through the Marketplace: Individual Transferable Quotas for Surf Clams and Ocean Quahogs." Vermont Law Review 16(Spring): 1127-1168.

Matthiasson, Thorolfur (1992). "Principles for Distribution of Rent from a 'Commons.'" Marine Policy 16(3): 210-231.

Matulich, S. C., R. C. Mittelhammer, et al. (1996). "Toward a more complete model of individual transferable fishing quotas: Implications of incorporating the processing sector." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 31(1): 112-128.

Matulich, S. C. and M. Sever (1999). "Reconsidering the Initial Allocation of ITQs: the Search for a Pareto-Safe Allocation Between Fishing and Processing Sectors." Land Economics 75(2): 203-219.

Milliken, W. J. (1994). "Individual Transferable Fishing Quotas and Antitrust Law." Ocean and Coastal Law Journal 1: 35-58.

Morris, J. (1999). Law, Property Rights, Markets and the Environment. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 65-78.

Schmidt, C. C. (1999). A synopsis of management measures in OECD countries. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources.

Shotton, R. (1999). An international fisheries organisation approaches the issue of property rights in fisheries management. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Center for the Economics and Managment of Aquatic Resources: 243-254.

Townsend, R. E. (1992). "A Fractional Licensing Program for Fisheries." Land Economics 68(2): 185-190.

Townsend, R. E., J. McColl, et al. (2006). "Design Principles for Individual Transferable Quotas." Marine Policy 30(2): 131-141.

Townsend, R. E. and S. G. Pooley (1995). "Fractional Licenses - An Alternative to License Buy-Backs." Land Economics 71(1): 141-143.

Turner, M. A. (1996). "Value Based ITQ's." Marine Resource Economics 11(2): 59-69.

Turner, M. A. (1997). "Quota-induced Discarding in Heterogeneous Fisheries." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 33(2): 186-195.

Young, M. D. (1999). "The design of fishing-right systems - the NSW experience." Ecological Economics 31(2): 305-316.

Weitzman, M. L. (2002). "Landing Fees vs Harvest Quotas with Uncertain Fish Stocks." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 43(2): 325-338.

Wilen, James E. and Keith Casey. 1997. Impacts of ITQs on Labor: Employment and Remuneration Effects. Pp. 315-333 in G. Palsson and Gudrun Petersdottir, eds., Social Implications of Quota Systems in Fisheries; Proceedings of a Seminar Held in the Vestman Islands in May 1996. TemaNord1997:593. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.

IMPLEMENTED ITQ PROGRAMS

Aarland, K. and K. Robinson (1999). National managment regimes in European fisheries. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 65-100.

Anderson, L. G. (1991). "Efficient Policies to Maintain Total Allowable Catches in ITQ Fisheries with At-Sea Processing." Land Economics 67(2): 141-57.

Arnason, R. and H. Gissurarson, eds. (1999)., Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. The University of Iceland Press, 1999

Arnason, R. (1996). "On the Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries Management System in Iceland." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6(1): 63-90.

Arnason, R. (2005). "Property rights in fisheries: Iceland's experience with ITQs." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 243-264.

Aswani, S. (2005). "Customary sea tenure in oceania as a case of rights-based fishery management: Does it work?" Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15(3): 285-307.

Bate, R. (1999). Protecting English and Welsh Rivers: The Role of the Anglers' Conservation Association. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 149-166.

Batkin, K. M. (1996). "New Zealand's Quota Management System: A Solution to the United States' Federal Fisheries Management Crisis." Natural Resources Journal 36(4): 855-880.

Batstone, C J, , B M H Sharp (1999), New Zealand's Quota Management System: The First Ten Years, Marine Policy 23 (2): 177-190.

Bernal, P. and B. Aliaga (1999). ITQ's in Chilean fisheries. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources.

Boude, J. P. (1999). Establishing the licensing system in the Bay of Biscay. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 133-152.

Boyd, R. O. and C. M. Dewees (1992). "Putting Theory into Practice: Individual Transferable Quotas in New Zealand's Fisheries." Society and Natural Resources 5: 179-198.

Bradshaw, M., Williamson, S. and Wood, L. (2000). "From Input Controls to Quota Management in the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery." New Zealand Geographer 56(2): 32-41.

Brandt, S. J. (1994). "Effects of Limited Access Management on Substitutable Resources: A Case Study of the Surf Clam and Ocean Quahog Fishery." Journal of Environmental Systems 23(1): 21-49.

Casey, K. E., C.M. Dewees, et al. (1995). "The Effects Of Individual Vessel Quotas In The British Columbia Halibut Fishery." Marine Resource Economics 10(3): 211-30.

Clark, I. N. (1993). "Individual Transferable Quotas: The New Zealand Experience." Marine Policy 17: 340-342.

Clark, I. N., Major, P. J., & Mollett, N. (1988). Development and Implementation of New Zealand's ITQ Management System. Marine Resource Economics 5, 325-349.

Crothers, S. (1988). "Individual Transferable Quotas: The New Zealand Experience." Fisheries 13(1): 10-12.

Cullen, R. (1996). Fisheries management: Lessons about 'Tradable quota' from New Zealand. Choices 3, 29-31.

Davidse, W. (1999). Lessons from twenty years of experience with property rights in the Dutch fishery. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 153-163.

del Valle, I., I. Astorkiza, et al. (1999). An analysis of the regulation of the VIII Division European anchovy. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK,Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 194-207.

Dupont, D. P. and R. Q. Grafton (2000). "Multispecies Individual Transferable Quotas: The Scotia-Fundy Mobile Gear Groundfishery." 15(3): 205-220.

Eythˆ„rsson, E. (2003). "Stakeholders, Courts, and Communities: Individual Transferable Quotas in Icelandic Fisheries". The Commons in the New Millenium: Challenges and Adaptation. N. Dolsak and E. Ostrom. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press: 129-167.

Felthoven, R.G. (2002). "Effects of the American Fisheries Act on Capacity, Utilization and Technical Efficiency." Marine Resource Economics, Vol. 17(3): 181-205.

Geen, G. and M. Nayar (1988). "Individual Transferable Quotas in the Southern Bluefin Tuna Fishery: An Economic Appraisal." Marine Resource Economics 5(4): 365-388.

Ginter, J. J. C. (1995). "The Alaska Community Development Quota Fisheries Management Program." Ocean and Coastal Management 28(1-3): 147-163.

Grafton, R. Q. (1996). Individual Transferable Quotas and Canada's Atlantic Fisheries,. Fisheries and Uncertainty: A Precautionary Approach to Resource Management. D. V. Gordon and G. R. Munro. Calgary, University of Calgary Press: 129-154.

Grafton, R.Q., Squires, D. and Fox, K.J. (2000). "Private Property and Economic Efficiency: A Study of a Common-Pool Resource." J. Law Economics. 43(2): 679-713.

Herrmann, M. (2000). "Individual vessel quota price-induced effects for Canadian Pacific halibut: Before and after Alaska IFQs." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics - Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie 48(2): 195-210.

Knapp, G. (1997). "Initial Effects of the Alaska Halibut IFQ Program: Survey Comments of Alaska Fishermen." Marine Resource Economics. 12(3): 239-248.

Kulmala, S., H. Peltomaki, et al. (2007). "Individual transferable quotas in the Baltic Sea herring fishery: A socio-bioeconomic analysis." Fisheries Research 84(3): 368-377.

Lane, D. (1999). Applications of rights-based fisheries: experiences and consequences. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 19-64.

Larson, D. M., B. W. House, et al. (1998). "Bycatch control in multispecies fisheries: A quasi-rent share approach to the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands midwater trawl pollock fishery." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80(4): 778-792.

Matthiasson, Thorolfur (1997). "Consequences of Local Government Involvement in the Icelandic ITQ Market." Marine Resource Economics 12(2): 107-26.

Matthiasson, T. (1999). The Icelandic Debate on Fisheries Management and Resource Rent Distribution. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 185-204.

McCay, B. J., R. Apostle, et al. (1995). "Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in Canadian and U.S. Fisheries." Ocean and Coastal Management 28(1-3): 85-116.

McCay, B. J., R. Apostle, et al. (1998). "Individual Transferable Quotas, Comanagement, and Community: Lessons from Nova Scotia." Fisheries 23(4): 20-23.

Major, P. (1999). The Evolution of ITQs in New Zealand. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice. R. Arnason and H. H. Gissurarson. Reykjavik, Iceland, The University of Iceland Press: 81-102.

Newell, R. G., J. N. Sanchirico, et al. (2005). "Fishing Quota Markets." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49(3): 437-462.

O'Boyle, R., C. Annand, et al. (1994). Individual Quotas in the Scotian Shelf Groundfishery off Nova Scotia, Canada. Limiting Access to Marine Fisheries: Keeping the Focus on Conservation. K. Gimbel. Washington, D.C., Center for Marine Conservation and World Wildlife Fund: 152-168.

Pearse, P. H. (1991). Building on Progress: Fisheries Policy Development in New Zealand. Wellington, NZ, Ministry of Fisheries.

Peˆ±a-Torres, J. (1997). "The Political Economy of Fishing Regulation: The Case of Chile." Marine Resource Economics 12(4): 253-280.

Read, A. (1999). The evolution of the quota trading in the UK. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 217-224.

Runolfsson, B. (1999). ITSQ's in Icelandic fisheries: a rights-based approach to fisheries managment. The Definition and Allocation of Use Rights in European Fisheries: Proceedings of the Second Workshop held in Brest, France, 5-7 May 1999. A. Hatcher and K. Robinson. Portsmouth, UK, Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources: 164-193.

Runolfsson, Birgir (1998). Fencing The Oceans: A Rights-based Approach to Privatising Fisheries," in Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas, Autumn 1998

Runolfsson, Birgir and Ragnar Arnason (1997). "Individual Transferable Quotas in Iceland" in Laura Jones and Michael Walker, eds: Fish or Cut Bait! The Case for Individual Transferable Quotas in the Salmon Fishery of British Columbia. Fraser Institute

Runolfsson, Birgir (1997)."Regional Impact of the Individual Transferable Quotas in Iceland", in Laura Jones and Michael Walker, eds: Fish or Cut Bait! The Case for Individual Transferable Quotas in the Salmon Fishery of British Columbia. Fraser Institute

Wallis, P. (1999). Ch. V-- Transferable Fishing Quotas: Experience in OECD Countries. Implementing Domestic Tradable Permits for Environmental Protection. OECD, Organisation for Econmic Co-Operation and Development.

Young, M. D. (1995). "The Design of Fishing-Right Systems: The New South Wales Experience." Ocean and Coastal Management 28(1-3): 45-61.

Yandle, T. and C. M. Dewees (2003). Privatizing the Commons...Twelve Years later: Fishers' Experiences with New Zealand's Market-Based Fisheries Management. The Commons in the New Millenium: Challenges and Adaptation. N. Dolsak and E. Ostrom. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press: 101-127.

EVALUATION

Annala, J. H. (1996). "New Zealand's ITQ System: Have the First Eight Years Been a Success or a Failure?" Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6(1): 43-62.

Arnason, R. (2000). "Economic Instruments for Achieving Ecosystem Objectives in Fisheries Management." Ices Journal of Marine Science 57(3): 742-751.

Batkin, K. M. (1996). "New Zealand's Quota Management System: A Solution for the United States' Federal Fisheries Management Crisis?" Natural Resources Journal 36(4): 855-80.

Black, Neal D. (1997). "Balancing the Advantages of Individual Transferable Quotas Against Their Redistributive Effects: The Case of Alliance Against IFQs v. Brown." Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 9(3):727-746.

Boyce, J. R. (1992). "Individual Transferable Quotas and Production Externalities in a Fishery." Natural Resource Modeling 8(3): 385-408.

Campbell, H. F. (1989). "Fishery Buy-Back Programmes and Economic Welfare." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 33(1): 20-31.

Chavez, C. and H. Salgado (2005). "Individual transferable quota markets under illegal fishing." Environmental & Resource Economics 31(3): 303-324.

Copes, P. (1986). "A Critical Review of the Individual Quota in Fisheries Management." Land Economics 62(3): 278-291.

Copes, P. (1997). Social Impacts of Fisheries Management Regimes Based on Individual Transferable Quotas. Social Implications of Quota Systems in Fisheries. G. Pˆ°lsson and G. Pˆ©tursdˆ„ttir. Copenhagen, Nordic Council of Ministers: 61-90.

Davis, A. (1996). "Barbed Wire and Bandwagons: A Comment on ITQ Fisheries Management." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6: 97-108.

Dewees, C. M. (1989). "Assessment of the Implementation of Individual Transferable Quotas in New Zealand's Inshore Fishery." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 9(Spring): 131-139.

Felthoven, R.G. (2002). "Effects of the American Fisheries Act on Capacity, Utilization and Technical Efficiency." Marine Resource Economics, Vol. 17(3): 181-205.

Garza-Gil, M. D. (1998). "ITQ Systems in Multifleet Fisheries: An Application for Iberoatlantic Hake." Environmental and Resource Economics 11(1): 79-92.

Grafton, R. Q. (1996). "Individual Transferable Quotas: Theory and Practices." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6(1): 5-20.

Grafton, R. Q., D. Squires, et al. (1996). "Private Property Rights and Crises in World Fisheries: Turning the Tide." Contemporary Economic Policy 14(4): 90-99.

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